Since December 2024, intensifi ed fi ghting between the FARDC and M23 rebels in North and South Kivu has worsened the humanitarian crisis, where over 700,000 people were already displaced in January 2025.

February 2025, Ugandan troops (UPDF) have been deployed to fi ght alongside the FARDC in Ituri province, further shifting the security dynamics. Fighting persists against M23 in Kamanyola (South Kivu) and Lubero Centre (North Kivu), forcing mass civilian displacement. Cross-border movements to Rwanda and Burundi have increased